welt construction has long been one of the most effective ways of attaching a sole to the upper. The support and rigidity of resolable welt construction is unsurpassable. Once the sole is stitched to the upper , it locks down and holds better than any machine attached or glued sole. Welted production can also be resoled

cement construction, with its narrow sole extension, has a more refined appearance.
The outsole and heel are cemented to the upper

Stitch down construction guarantees lightness and flexibility and it is therefore highly suitable for summer shoes. With a proper sole, this construction can also be used for winter shoes.

Moccasin construction is characterized by a single piece of leather which is used for the upper and extends all the way under the foot.
The moccasin is one of the most flexible constructions.

Strobel construction features an upper which is completely sewn to a flexible insole. The last is then inserted to properly shape the upper.
This is known to be one of the most flexible shoe constructions.

California construction has a very casual look. These shoes can be immediately identified by the wrap which curves down smoothly and tucks under the insole.